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The Science of Climate Change

Climate change is no longer a distant threat or just a possibility, it is now a reality for all of us. In this pathway, Kevin Trenberth, a renowned climatologist, delves into the science behind climate change. He first introduces the climate system, its main components and forces.

Tackling the Plastic Crisis

Plastic pollution is by far the biggest threat to our oceans and this remains an incredibly tough problem to solve. Plastic credits could potentially serve as one of the much needed solutions for this crisis.

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The Scale of the Net Zero Challenge

The price of meeting net zero is estimated to be between $100-150 trillion over the next 30 years. Regardless of this cost, we need to reach net zero before climate change does irreversible damage to the environment and the economy.

ESG, Sustainability and Impact Jargon Buster

ESG, sustainability, impact… they all just mean green, right? Not quite. Despite being used often interchangeably, there are distinct differences between these terms.

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Mitigating UK Regional Inequality

Mitigating UK Regional Inequality

Adrian Pabst

Deputy Director: National Institute of Economic & Social Research

In the second video on regional inequalities in the United Kingdom, we discussed how the UK has become so unequal and what is being done to tackle the inequality.

In the second video on regional inequalities in the United Kingdom, we discussed how the UK has become so unequal and what is being done to tackle the inequality.

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Mitigating UK Regional Inequality

9 mins 15 secs

Key learning objectives:

  • Outline what needs to be done to tackle the problem

  • Understand how the United Kingdom became so unequal

  • Discuss the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic and Brexit on inequality

Overview:

In the second video on regional inequalities in the United Kingdom, we discussed how the UK has become so unequal and what is being done to tackle the inequality. Inequality in the United Kingdom has been on the rise for a long time, especially since the Global Financial Crisis. This is due to the fact that more prosperous regions tend to be more resilient from an economic shock, allowing them to recover quicker and develop faster than the areas that are not as resilient, increasing inequality over time.

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Summary

How did the United Kingdom become so Unequal? 

The United Kingdom has been an unequal country for a long time, but it is only getting worse. The UK is one of the most unequal countries of the 38 OECD nations. Following the 2008-09 Global Financial Crisis there was a positive relationship between regional inequality and economic growth, the more unequal a country was, the faster it grew. This applied to the United Kingdom. It has a few regions and cities that are more prosperous and resilient to economic shocks than others, which allow those regions to recover and develop more quickly than other areas after a shock, leading to a rise in inequality. 

This gives rise to the question of whether inequality will rise following Brexit and the recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic, with London and the West Midlands being the only regions set to reach output levels of 4-5% above the pre-pandemic level, with other areas around the 2% level. 

One of the main reasons for the level of inequality across the United Kingdom is the high degree of centralised power, with most spending decisions taken by the Treasury in London. OECD evidence for 1995 - 2011 suggests that fiscal decentralisation is positively related to national economic growth, productivity and human capital. 

How can we Tackle Inequality? 

In order to decrease inequality across the United Kingdom, power needs to be transferred away from the central government to allow decision making to be made at a local level. A first step has been taken, allowing spending to be decided at a local level through a block grant from London, however, revenues are still collected centrally by Westminster. 

 

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Adrian Pabst

Adrian Pabst

Adrian is Deputy Director at the National Institute of Economic and Social Research. His research has a focus on political theory, the political economy and public policy. Adrian read Economics at the University of Cambridge and then completed a Masters at the London School of Economics, before returning to Cambridge to undertake his PhD.

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